Explore global gold and silver production, reserves, and major mining regions
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Compare official mine production estimates and reserves by country.
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Silver mine production ranking
Named countries account for 91.7% of estimated world production; the balance is included in “Other countries” by USGS.
| Rank | Country | 2025e | 2024 | Change | World output share | Reserves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mexico | 6,300 t | 5,780 t | +9% | 24.2% | 37,000 t |
| 2 | Peru | 3,600 t | 3,510 t | +2.6% | 13.8% | 110,000 t |
| 3 | China | 3,400 t | 3,430 t | -0.9% | 13.1% | 67,000 t |
| 4 | Bolivia | 1,500 t | 1,490 t | +0.7% | 5.8% | 22,000 t |
| 5 | Chile | 1,400 t | 1,200 t | +16.7% | 5.4% | 33,000 t |
| 6 | Poland | 1,300 t | 1,320 t | -1.5% | 5% | 59,000 t |
| 7 | Russia | 1,200 t | 1,280 t | -6.3% | 4.6% | 92,000 t |
| 8 | United States | 1,100 t | 1,050 t | +4.8% | 4.2% | 23,000 t |
| 9 | Australia | 1,000 t | 1,050 t | -4.8% | 3.8% | 91,000 t |
| 10 | Argentina | 800 t | 774 t | +3.4% | 3.1% | 6,500 t |
| 11 | India | 800 t | 700 t | +14.3% | 3.1% | 8,000 t |
| 12 | Kazakhstan | 630 t | 850 t | -25.9% | 2.4% | Not available |
| 13 | Canada | 400 t | 366 t | +9.3% | 1.5% | 4,900 t |
| 14 | Sweden | 400 t | 432 t | -7.4% | 1.5% | Not available |
Gold mine production ranking
Named countries account for 68.2% of estimated world production; the balance is included in “Other countries” by USGS.
| Rank | Country | 2025e | 2024 | Change | World output share | Reserves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 380 t | 377 t | +0.8% | 11.5% | 3,200 t |
| 2 | Russia | 310 t | 310 t | 0% | 9.4% | 12,000 t |
| 3 | Australia | 280 t | 284 t | -1.4% | 8.5% | 13,000 t |
| 4 | Canada | 200 t | 200 t | 0% | 6.1% | 3,200 t |
| 5 | United States | 160 t | 163 t | -1.8% | 4.8% | 3,000 t |
| 6 | Ghana | 150 t | 149 t | +0.7% | 4.5% | 1,000 t |
| 7 | Mexico | 140 t | 140 t | 0% | 4.2% | 1,400 t |
| 8 | Kazakhstan | 130 t | 130 t | 0% | 3.9% | 2,300 t |
| 9 | Uzbekistan | 130 t | 129 t | +0.8% | 3.9% | 2,200 t |
| 10 | Peru | 110 t | 108 t | +1.9% | 3.3% | 2,200 t |
| 11 | Indonesia | 90 t | 94 t | -4.3% | 2.7% | 3,600 t |
| 12 | South Africa | 90 t | 90 t | 0% | 2.7% | 5,000 t |
| 13 | Brazil | 80 t | 82 t | -2.4% | 2.4% | 2,500 t |
How to read the data and sources
- 2025 figures are estimates. They are the latest full-year country estimates in USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
- Mine production is not total supply. Recycling, inventories, refined output and trade are outside this map.
- Reserves are not fixed. They can change with prices, exploration, technology and reporting standards. “Not available” is never treated as zero.
- Unlisted countries are not zero. A neutral map color means the country has no separate row in the USGS table and may be included under “Other countries”.
Primary sources: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 and the official USGS data release. Verified against report version 1.3 (May 27, 2026).
Gold and Silver Production and Reserves by Country
Global gold and silver production and reserves provide insight into where precious metals are mined and how much economically recoverable metal remains underground.
The interactive map lets you compare annual mine output, estimated mineral reserves, and major producing countries worldwide.
Understanding these figures helps investors assess long-term physical supply alongside movements in the Gold Price and Silver Price.
Largest Gold and Silver Producing Countries
Precious metals mining is concentrated in several major regions, including Asia, the Americas, Australia, and Africa.
China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States are important gold producers. Mexico, China, and Peru are among the leading silver mining countries.
Silver production differs from gold mining because much of the world’s silver is recovered as a by-product of copper, lead, zinc, and gold operations. As a result, silver supply often depends on the economics of other metals.
Production rankings change as new mines open, existing operations expand, and ore grades or mining conditions evolve.
Understanding Global Gold and Silver Reserves
Mine production measures the quantity of metal extracted during a specific period, usually one year. Mineral reserves represent known deposits considered economically recoverable under defined technical and economic conditions.
Reserve estimates can change with new discoveries, exploration, metal prices, extraction costs, and technological improvements.
A country with substantial gold or silver reserves is not necessarily a major producer. Developing mineral deposits requires infrastructure, financing, permits, and operating mines.
Reserves also differ from total geological resources and should not be interpreted as a fixed estimate of when precious metals will run out.
Why Mine Production Matters for Precious Metals Prices
Mining provides an important source of new physical gold and silver, but supply responds slowly to changing market conditions.
Developing new mines can take years, while existing operations face rising costs, declining ore grades, and geological constraints.
Gold supply interacts with recycling, central-bank purchases, jewelry demand, and investment flows. Silver also faces substantial industrial demand from solar energy, electronics, and electrical infrastructure.
Mine output alone does not determine market prices. The Gold & Silver Inventory Tracker offers a complementary view of metal held within major exchange and vault systems.
How to Explore the Production and Reserves Map
Select a country on the interactive map to examine available gold and silver mine production figures and estimated reserves.
Compare countries to identify leading producers, regional supply concentration, and differences between current extraction and longer-term mining potential.
Production and reserve data are most useful when considered together with recycling, industrial consumption, investment demand, and broader economic conditions.
For additional research, charts, and physical-market indicators, explore Gold & Silver Market Tools.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which countries produce the most gold?
China is one of the world’s largest gold producers, alongside countries such as Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Rankings can change as mining output, new projects, and operating conditions evolve.
Which countries produce the most silver?
Mexico is one of the world’s leading silver producers, followed by major mining countries such as China and Peru. Silver comes from both primary silver mines and operations extracting other metals.
What is the difference between gold and silver production and reserves?
Mine production measures the amount of gold or silver extracted during a specific period, usually one year. Mineral reserves represent known deposits considered economically recoverable under current technical and economic conditions.
How long will global gold and silver reserves last?
There is no fixed expiration date for gold or silver reserves. New discoveries, exploration, technology, and changing metal prices can alter economically recoverable quantities. Dividing current reserves by annual production does not reliably predict when either metal will run out.
Why do gold and silver reserves change over time?
Reserve estimates change with new discoveries, geological assessments, mining costs, metal prices, and technological improvements. Higher prices may make previously uneconomic deposits profitable to extract, increasing reported reserves.
Is most silver produced as a by-product of other metals?
Yes. Much of the world’s silver mine supply comes from operations primarily producing lead, zinc, copper, and gold. As a result, silver production often depends on the economics of other metals and may respond slowly to rising silver prices.
How does mine production affect gold and silver prices?
Mine production influences the long-term physical supply of both metals. Gold prices are also shaped by substantial above-ground stocks and investment demand, while silver is more exposed to industrial consumption. Production trends are most useful when analyzed alongside demand, recycling, inventories, and monetary conditions.