Explore global gold and silver production, reserves, and major mining regions
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Global Silver Production & Reserves
Compare official mine production estimates and reserves by country.
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COUNTRY COMPARISON
Silver mine production ranking
Named countries account for 91.7% of estimated world production; the balance is included in “Other countries” by USGS.
| Rank | Country | 2025e | 2024 | Change | World share | Reserves |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mexico | 6,300 t | 5,780 t | +9% | 24.2% | 37,000 t |
| 2 | Peru | 3,600 t | 3,510 t | +2.6% | 13.8% | 110,000 t |
| 3 | China | 3,400 t | 3,430 t | -0.9% | 13.1% | 67,000 t |
| 4 | Bolivia | 1,500 t | 1,490 t | +0.7% | 5.8% | 22,000 t |
| 5 | Chile | 1,400 t | 1,200 t | +16.7% | 5.4% | 33,000 t |
| 6 | Poland | 1,300 t | 1,320 t | -1.5% | 5% | 59,000 t |
| 7 | Russia | 1,200 t | 1,280 t | -6.3% | 4.6% | 92,000 t |
| 8 | United States | 1,100 t | 1,050 t | +4.8% | 4.2% | 23,000 t |
| 9 | Australia | 1,000 t | 1,050 t | -4.8% | 3.8% | 91,000 t |
| 10 | Argentina | 800 t | 774 t | +3.4% | 3.1% | 6,500 t |
| 11 | India | 800 t | 700 t | +14.3% | 3.1% | 8,000 t |
| 12 | Kazakhstan | 630 t | 850 t | -25.9% | 2.4% | Not available |
| 13 | Canada | 400 t | 366 t | +9.3% | 1.5% | 4,900 t |
| 14 | Sweden | 400 t | 432 t | -7.4% | 1.5% | Not available |
How to read the data and sources
- 2025 figures are estimates. They are the latest full-year country estimates in USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
- Mine production is not total supply. Recycling, inventories, refined output and trade are outside this map.
- Reserves are not fixed. They can change with prices, exploration, technology and reporting standards. “Not available” is never treated as zero.
- Unlisted countries are not zero. A neutral map color means the country has no separate row in the USGS table and may be included under “Other countries”.
Primary sources: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 and the official USGS data release. Verified against report version 1.3 (May 27, 2026).
Gold and Silver Production and Reserves by Country
Gold and silver production and reserves provide important insight into the long-term physical supply of precious metals. The interactive map above allows you to explore mine production, estimated reserves, and major producing countries around the world.
Global mine supply is concentrated across a number of important mining regions. China, Australia, Russia, Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, and other countries play significant roles in gold and silver production, although rankings and output can change over time.
Production data shows how much metal is mined during a given period, while reserve estimates indicate quantities considered economically recoverable under current technical and economic conditions.
These supply fundamentals can provide useful context alongside movements in the Gold Price and Silver Price.
Largest Gold and Silver Producing Countries
Gold and silver mining is distributed unevenly around the world.
Some countries are major producers of both metals, while others specialize more heavily in either gold or silver. Production can change as new mines begin operating, existing mines expand or decline, ore grades change, and metal prices affect the economics of individual projects.
Silver supply is particularly complex because a significant share of global production comes as a by-product of mining for lead, zinc, copper, and gold rather than from primary silver mines.
This means changes in the production of other metals can also influence future silver mine supply.
Global Gold and Silver Reserves
Production and reserves measure different parts of the mining supply picture.
Annual mine production shows how much gold or silver is currently being extracted, while reserves represent known deposits that can be economically recovered under existing market and technical conditions.
Reserve estimates are not fixed. They can change because of exploration, new discoveries, changing metal prices, mining costs, technological improvements, geological reassessments, and the development of new projects.
A country can therefore hold substantial gold or silver reserves without being one of the largest current producers.
Why Mine Supply Matters
Mine production is one of the main sources of new physical gold and silver entering the market.
For gold, mine supply interacts with recycling, central-bank demand, jewelry demand, and investment flows. Silver also has substantial industrial demand from sectors such as solar energy, electronics, electrical infrastructure, and automotive applications.
Because new mining projects can require many years of exploration, permitting, financing, and construction, mine supply may respond slowly to changes in precious metals prices.
Investors interested in the physical market can also monitor metal held within major trading and storage systems through the Gold & Silver Inventory Tracker.
Major Gold and Silver Mining Regions
Important precious metals mining regions are found across North and South America, Asia, Australia, Africa, and Europe.
Large gold-producing regions include parts of China, Australia, Russia, Canada, the United States, and several African countries. Major silver production is particularly important across Mexico, China, Peru, and other regions with significant polymetallic mining.
The interactive map makes it easier to compare these countries and understand how global precious metals mine supply is geographically distributed.
How to Use the Production and Reserves Map
Use the interactive map above to explore gold and silver production and reserve data by country.
Select a country to compare annual mine output, estimated reserves, and other available mining information. Looking at production and reserves together can provide a clearer picture of both current supply and longer-term mining potential.
For a broader view of prices, charts, physical-market data, and precious metals indicators, explore Gold & Silver Market Tools.
For deeper research into physical supply, monetary conditions, investment demand, and the forces shaping precious metals markets, visit our Gold & Silver Market Analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which countries produce the most gold?
China is among the world’s largest gold-producing countries, while Australia, Russia, Canada, the United States, and several other nations also contribute significantly to global mine supply. Production rankings can change over time as mine output, new projects, closures, and operating conditions evolve.
Which countries produce the most silver?
Mexico has historically been one of the world’s largest silver producers. China and Peru are also major sources of global mine supply. Silver is produced both from primary silver mines and as a by-product of mining other metals.
What are gold and silver reserves?
Mineral reserves are quantities of gold or silver in known deposits that are considered economically recoverable under defined technical and economic conditions. They are not the same as the total amount of metal that may exist underground.
What is the difference between production and reserves?
Production refers to the amount of gold or silver mined during a specific period, usually one year. Reserves represent known deposits considered economically viable to extract. A country can therefore have large reserves while producing relatively little metal in a particular year.
Why do gold and silver reserves change over time?
Reserve estimates can change because of new discoveries, exploration, metal prices, mining costs, technological improvements, project development, and updated geological information. Higher metal prices can sometimes make deposits economically viable that were previously excluded from reserve estimates.
Is all silver produced from primary silver mines?
No. A significant share of global silver mine supply is produced as a by-product of mining lead, zinc, copper, gold, and other metals. This makes silver supply dynamics different from those of gold because production can depend partly on the economics of other mining industries.
Why does gold mine production matter?
Mine production is an important source of new gold supply. Changes in output can affect the long-term balance between newly mined metal, recycling, central-bank demand, jewelry demand, and investment demand. However, the large stock of above-ground gold means mine production is only one part of the broader gold market.
Why is silver mine production important?
Silver has both investment and substantial industrial demand. Changes in mine production, recycling, inventories, and industrial consumption can therefore affect the physical balance of the silver market over time. Because much silver is produced as a by-product, supply may not always respond directly or quickly to changes in the silver price.
Why are production and reserve data useful for precious metals investors?
Production and reserve data provide insight into the long-term physical supply of gold and silver. Tracking mine output, reserves, inventories, discoveries, and project development can help investors understand structural supply trends when combined with prices, industrial demand, investment flows, and broader market conditions.